The damage is the result of the thickening and narrowing atherosclerosis of arteries that feed the subcortical areas of the brain.
Lissencephaly A rare brain formation disorder characterized by the lack of normal convolutions folds in the brain.
Fainting can also occur if pressure on the carotid artery in the neck triggers a vagal signal to the Vaso-Motor Center, reflexly causing a vagal response to slow the heart.